Free Essays on Pacemaker Wire

Pacemaker’s battery will be recharged by some external energy through the wire that expands from the battery to the skin button. This wire should be conductive, have strength for a long time, have flexibility to ensure patients comfort, and should be visual under radioscopy in order to monitor its condition over time. Also should be not toxic to the body. Usually materials that have good conductivity typically lack good strength characteristics. There are some materials with radiopacity, but are usually lacking in the ability to withstand mechanical fatigue. In order to overcome these problems, we are designing a wire with three different material compositions that each will fulfill our ideal wire characteristics. After making a wire we will coat it with polyurethane to prevent toxic leakage from the wire to the body. According to figure bellow our wire is consist of an outer sheath of MP35N which provides substantial strength and fatigue performance. The central layer represents high purity Platinum, thus providing excellent visualization under radioscopy. For increased conductivity, a silver core has been used. With this design we offer strength, conductivity, and flexibility. We can conclude this by performing strength test, fatigue test, and since we are connecting three different materials, we need to test the corrosion to see the effect them on each other. After completion of our tests on the wire and the materials we will cover it with polyurethane to shield the body from the possible infection and toxicity. Polyurethane is known for its biocompatibility and strength and been used in artificial heart manufacturing. Cardiac control system is using this polymer for their pacemakers lead and reported that has 97% survival rate. Before coating our wire, first we need to apply pretreatment surface that includes surface cleaning and removing contaminants. Then we need to reduce the shear stress on the polyurethane by the w... Free Essays on Pacemaker Wire Free Essays on Pacemaker Wire Pacemaker’s battery will be recharged by some external energy through the wire that expands from the battery to the skin button. This wire should be conductive, have strength for a long time, have flexibility to ensure patients comfort, and should be visual under radioscopy in order to monitor its condition over time. Also should be not toxic to the body. Usually materials that have good conductivity typically lack good strength characteristics. There are some materials with radiopacity, but are usually lacking in the ability to withstand mechanical fatigue. In order to overcome these problems, we are designing a wire with three different material compositions that each will fulfill our ideal wire characteristics. After making a wire we will coat it with polyurethane to prevent toxic leakage from the wire to the body. According to figure bellow our wire is consist of an outer sheath of MP35N which provides substantial strength and fatigue performance. The central layer represents high purity Platinum, thus providing excellent visualization under radioscopy. For increased conductivity, a silver core has been used. With this design we offer strength, conductivity, and flexibility. We can conclude this by performing strength test, fatigue test, and since we are connecting three different materials, we need to test the corrosion to see the effect them on each other. After completion of our tests on the wire and the materials we will cover it with polyurethane to shield the body from the possible infection and toxicity. Polyurethane is known for its biocompatibility and strength and been used in artificial heart manufacturing. Cardiac control system is using this polymer for their pacemakers lead and reported that has 97% survival rate. Before coating our wire, first we need to apply pretreatment surface that includes surface cleaning and removing contaminants. Then we need to reduce the shear stress on the polyurethane by the w...

The Bad Old Days - The Dead

The Bad Old Days - The Dead From the Hoax: England is old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people. So they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins was found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell; thus, someone could be saved by the bell or was considered a dead ringer. The Facts: England was not so old and small that new cemeteries could not be established, but crowded graveyards did exist, due to the Christian tradition of burying the dead in the consecrated grounds of Churchyards. Some towns managed to arrange for cemeteries outside the municipal boundaries, but Church property was not subjected to secular law and the practice continued throughout the Middle Ages. There were no bone houses in England, but there were charnel houses. These were consecrated buildings for the storage of bones, usually uncovered in the course of digging new graves. If these bones had been buried in coffins in the first place a fairly uncommon practice among all but the wealthy the coffins had long since fallen apart. Some charnel houses were set up during the plague when the cemetery was overwhelmed by the number of bodies to be buried, and the corpses in previous graves were removed to make room to bury the freshly dead. It wasnt until the 18th century that the nefarious practice of secretly removing the bones from a grave to make room for new coffins took place. Church sextons would quietly dispose of the bones in nearby pits. The coffins were usually so decayed that if scratch-marks had ever been made inside them they would not be distinguishable in the rotted wood. The gravediggers would often appropriate the hardware (handles, plates, and nails) of decayed coffins to sell for waste metal.1 The matter was resolved in the mid-nineteenth century when London succeeded in passing a law that closed the churchyards and put heavy restrictions on burial within the city limits, and most cities and towns across Great Britain soon followed its lead. At no time during the Middle Ages was there a prevalent fear that people were getting buried alive, and in no known instance did anyone rig up a bell-pull to notify the living. Most medieval people were smart enough to distinguish a living person from a dead one. Throughout history, there has been the occasional case of someone getting buried alive, but by no means was this as frequent as the hoax would have you believe. The common phrases used in the last portion of the hoax have absolutely nothing to do with premature burial, and each has its origin in a different source. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the phrase graveyard shift dates to the early 20th century. It may have its source in the night shift on nautical vessels, which was called graveyard watch for its quiet loneliness. Saved by the bell originates from the sport of boxing, in which a fighter is saved from further punishment or from a ten-count when the bell signifies that the round is over. (But the next round is another story.) A ringer is slang for an imposter. It was used in cheating at horse races, when an unscrupulous trainer would substitute a fast horse, or ringer, for a nag with a bad racing record. This sporting association continues in the modern use of the term ringer for a professional athlete playing in an amateur game. But a human can also be a ringer in the sense of a person who closely resembles someone else, like the professional entertainers who impersonate celebrities such as Dolly Parton and Cher. A dead ringer is simply someone who is extremely close in appearance to another, in the same way as someone who is dead wrong is as wrong as he can possibly be. Once again, if you have an alternative origin for one of these phrases, please feel free to post it on our bulletin board, and be sure to bring your sources! Note 1. cemetery  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannicabritannica.com/eb/article?eu22388[Accessed April 9, 2002].

Report to the Board of Directors - 3M Company Coursework

Report to the Board of Directors - 3M Company - Coursework Example In case of determination of impairment of assets, the management has adopted separate measurement techniques of evaluating the different units by categorizing them as profit making or loss making. The price-earnings ratio method has been used for profit-making units, the discounted cash flow method has been used for the loss-making units and the relative fair value method has been used for the changes in products offerings of the different units (Sofat and Hiro, 2008, p.84). The influence of the institutional context and the social context on the measurement choices for accounting treatment have been considered in the process of financial reporting. The necessary changes in the accounting treatment of the company to comply and align with the norms under IFRS have been suggested to improve the process of accounting and financial reporting. ... The contingent assets are also considered for PPE valuation. The management takes into account the historical experiences in evaluating the property, plant and equipment of 3M Company (Khan, 2004, p.49). Based on the past experience and reasonable justification of the related factors, the PPE valuation is carried out by the management. The management, however, believes that the accounting of PPE and the reporting of PPE valuation may differ from the actual value of the total property, plant and equipment. The determination of the value of property, plant and equipment takes into account, the related losses and depreciation of the assets. The valuation of the asset includes the cost of purchase and the cost of installation and other expenses incurred in bring the fixed asset to the location of usage. The cost of maintenance and losses if incurred are also adjusted to determine the value of PPE (Baker and  Powell, 2009, p.68). Apart from the cost or risks, the management also takes i nto consideration the expected flow of money from the use of fixed assets. The reward or the benefits of the assets are also taken into consideration for the purpose of PPE valuation. Evaluation of selected measurement model 2: Differences permitted in Asset Impairment methods and accounting treatment The asset impairment is recognized by the management of 3M Company when the reported value of the assets of the company is greater than the intrinsic values of the assets. The impairment method includes the determination of fair value of assets of the individual units of 3M Company and then comparing with the reported value of the assets of the individual units. The method

Rethinking Wilderness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rethinking Wilderness - Essay Example nks will hinder the stewardship of wilderness areas in the future will help in showing how Cronon’s â€Å"rethinking of wilderness† can be effectively applied to solve the problems. Naturalness is defined in different ways. It is described as characterizations of nature being apart from humans (Cole, 2012). Cole identifies problems with naturalness. The first challenge is its multiple meanings and hence leads to a different understanding to different peoples. To some people, being natural means lack of human effect, a place with little human influence (Cole, 2012). There are those that believe natural to be freedom from intentional human control while others sees it as a historical fidelity (Cole, 2012). However, the changes of ecosystem currently taking place means one has to be selective when relying on these meanings. Therefore, one has to choose between them to suit the prevailing conditions. The other challenge has been on the reasons for setting wilderness. Currently, there is no unifying reason as to why wilderness areas are set aside. This is because there have been diverse reasons for setting aside such areas. Some of the major reasons for protections include certain valued species, nostalgic landscapes, biological diversity, scenery, ecosystem services, and autonomous nature (Cole, 2012). However, with increasing knowledge, it has been found that it is difficult to achieve all the purpose in one ecosystem. For this reason, some have to be considered at the expense of others. Cronon’s â€Å"rethinking of wilderness† offers a practical solution to the problems of naturalness. The essay argues that the problems can only be solved by realizing that man has always been in existence with the wilderness. Therefore, the notion that Wilderness is the only remaining place that has been free from civilization is unreal. The author notes wilderness has been a product of civilization (Cronon, 1995). As a result, trying to set it apart from the creator will not

Everything that rises must converge study guide :: essays research papers

Everything That Rises Must Converge by Flannery O’Connor Plot Structure – I felt that most of the exposition took place in the beginning of the first page. For the rest of the story there was mostly rising action. Then, I felt that the climax came when Julian sees his mother crumple to the ground. The falling action and resolution are packaged together in the last couple paragraphs. Character Terms:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Julian – Protagonist, Round, Dynamic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Julian’s Mother – Antagonist, Round, Static   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Woman on Bus – Foil Character, Flat, Static Characterization: Most of the characterization is indirect. We learn about these characters mostly by their action and their dialogue. However, there is some direct characterization when the narrator tells us of what has shaped the mother into what she is today. Point of View - Third Person Omniscient Irony – The is situational irony in that Julian acts the way he does to spite his mother and he is glad to see her get â€Å"taught a lesson,† but actually this is what kills her. Setting – The setting definitely played a role in this story. It is referenced to a few times throughout the story when the mother is telling Julian how fortunate he is to live in the neighborhood they do. We can also tell that this is an area where racial tension is still high among some of the people. The time that the story takes place is also very important because it is around the time of desegregation. Symbolism – The Green Hat in the story symbolized the equality of the two women. Themes –   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The struggle with the younger generation vs. the older generation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of dealing with the conformities of society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feeling regret after the loss of a loved one. Important Quotes – Pg. 348 â€Å"Help, help!’ he shouted, but his voice was thin, scarcely a thread of sound. The lights drifted farther away the faster he ran and his feet moved numbly as if they carried him nowhere.

MAC Brand Analysis Essay

1.0 Introduction The cosmetic industry is very competitive industry where product benefits and brand image are keys to success. The purpose of this report is to present an analysis of the brand M.A.C and its product lipstick with focus on T-C-B and I-D-U analysis, a clear positioning statement and target audience (s) including brand loyalty categories. The purpose at the end of this assignment is to have an understanding of what objective M.A.C needs to focus on for a creative strategy in the second part of this assignment. 2.0 Brand & Product Description The type of product selected for the positioning exercise is lipstick; the specific brand selected is M.A.C cosmetics owned by Estlee Lauder Corporation. It is noted that â€Å"lipstick† is a product description and is not owed but the company thus demonstrating M.A.C is one brand corporation. To determine if M.A.C has a strong market positioning within the women’s cosmetic industry particularly with their lipstick product both secondary research (trade publications) and individual â€Å"depth† interviews were conduct (see Appendix A ), and will be used for evaluation and conclusion. 3.0 Analysis The tools/models used for determining M.A.C’s market position were T.C.B & IDU models. The T-C-B model was used as a baseline for a serious of questions to guide a particular set of respondents that M.A.C caters for and is aiming to achieve a strong market position in this select category. 3.1 T-C-B 3.1.1 The Target Customer (T) Positioning The primary target demographic for any brand of lipstick is female. The types of consumers that are interested in bold colour selection, wanting to feel sexy and fashionable and want a lipstick that fit into their own personal style are M.A.C’s target audience. Thus the respondents used for this analysis are young fashionable conscious individual who seeking a look without compromising on the fashion trends. 3.1.2 The Category need (C) Positioning There are many needs that the product lipstick needs to satisfy to the consumer. The general needs that all lipstick must fill are coverage or â€Å"staying power† and hydration (lips not drying out) this was concluded form appendix A. The needs that M.A.C lipstick specifically fills can be divided into physical needs and the emotional needs. The most important physical needs as identify by â€Å"in-depth interviews† were a good range of colours and appealing packaging. The most important emotional needs stated through in depth interviews were the social and individual needs. 3.1.3 Benefits (B) Positioning To conclude that the following Key benefits were important to M.A.C target audience and the company and fill the category needs were drawn from the various responses from the in-depth interviews. These benefits are a â€Å"way in† to increase and maintain the target market (T). M.A.C fills the physical need being the large range of colours of lipstick by having the largest range of lipstick colours with 136 shades in their permanent collection not including the releases of new limited every few week. Compare to Bobbi Brown have only 36 shades in their permanent collection and Chanel which has 67 shades this was discovered through secondary research and by confirming this with in-depth interviews.When comparing the pictures of various packaging of different brands of lipstick in the in-depth interviews stimuli used to help identify benefits of the lipstick category to understand the various competing it was concluded that M.A.C packaging as describe by the respondents as simple , plastic/glass, eye-catching, chic, stylish and high product. Social needs is satisfied by belonging to a group. M.A.C associates itself with fashion, prestige beauty and youth culture and markets their product through testimonials and word of mouth via fashion shows and celebrities. Consumers who use M.A.C lipstick are â€Å"automatically† introduced to the M.A.C culture and their social need is satisfied. The need of individual is the biggest focus of M.A.C lipstick. An individual may have a need for self-expression and this is expressed by fashion and style. M.A.C realised that it could satisfy this need by simple product packaging made of plastic or glass; products have straight forward names and trend setting colours. 3.2 I-D-U Analysis 3.2.1 Central versus differentiated benefit positioning M.A.C lipstick adopts differentiated positioning on at least one important benefit. For instance M.A.C is functionally different bright range of colours and its target user is â€Å"individualists who express through fashion†. Rather than central positioning as the women’s industry is so competitive and to be successful M.A.C lipstick positioning will deliver better results for the corporation. As M.A.C lipstick is not seen as the consumer as â€Å"best of its kind† through in-depth interviews. 3.2.2 Emphasized benefit: Instinctual, archetypal, emotional or rational The benefit to be emphasized as the key benefit of M.A.C lipstick is the large range of colours to select from. This is emphasized as an both a functional benefit and emotional benefit proposition and uses type 2 of emotion. As M.A.C lipstick uses the strong appeal of being fashionable and sexy with a large range of colours to choose from as a transformational positive ending motivating emotion as evidence by the in-depth interviews. 3.2.3 Entry-tickets benefits The benefits what the consumer expects for M.A.C is to have a large range of colour for being a lipstick product category. However the consumers of M.A.C lipstick are told that M.A.C lipstick have the biggest range of colours through the professional make-up artist as employees through the M.A.C social network (twitter, Facebook) It was concluded that M.A.C lip colour range is the key benefit that make M.A.C should focus on promoting to the target consumer as it is the closes to the â€Å"ideal brand in that benefit when comparing 5 other brands. M.A.C clear delivery of the range of lip colours and their uniqueness set them apart from other brand. 4.0 Positioning Statement & Target audience 4.1 Positioning statement Determine the positioning statement for M.A.C from the TCB and IDU analysis the findings from the brand analysis are the following; The competitors of M.A.C are not just the leaders in women’s cosmetics lipstick but range from all companies that have a stake in the cosmetics industry. A perceptual map was devised from the in-depth interviews for an easy diagram showed all the competitors. (Appendix) These are all the competitors that must be taken into consideration when developing the positioning statement. Using the Rossiter-Percy-Bellman Grid it is establish that the product is acceptable in the low involvement, transformational sector this was further confirmed with the in-depth interviews. The attribute that were important to the consumers when evaluating the product of women’s lipstick these were discovered as; fashionable, sexy, range of colours, smoothness, staying power and hydration these where then rank or delivery and uniqueness by the top 5 main competitors and no-brand as all the other competitors see appendix B and C. Based on the IDU analysis and consumer research see appendix A, B &C it was determined how each competitor is positioned in the vision of the consumer. The top two main competitors of M.A.C were to be considered as Chanel and Bobbi Brown based on both higher end pricing and a large colour option pallet and are to be consider the leaders in the women’s cosmetics:- lipstick industry. So M.A.C needs to offer the consumer something very unique in the positioning statement to have brand differentiation to increase and maintain the target market. The various factors that distinguish the M.A.C consumer and their lifestyle, their purchase motivations and their different attributes that are important to them were concluded from the research (Appendix A). The positioning statement:- M.A.C is the women’s cosmetic brand that provides consumers lipstick to women who are 18-30 and belongs to the socioeconomic class of middle-high (T), M.A.C lipstick satisfies the need of self-expression in every women to be fashion forward and be accepted in the M.A.C culture (C) M.A.C’s benefit intention is to have the largest selection of lip colours, the most fashion forward of its kind in the industry and be artistic and creative for all women. (B) M.A.C needs to constantly work on their positioning statement to increase their brand market share via T-C-B & I-D-U brand analysis by doing this the company can always increase the perceived delivery of the M.A.C lipstick. 4.2 Target audience The target audience should be broadly described as 18-35 female in the middle-high social economic class. These are the follow segments that M.A.C is enter in with their differentiation marketing. M.A.C divides the market of their lipstick product into demographic segmentation being female and a specific age group because over 90% of their users belong in this specific category. However the product is not limited to this demographic segmentation. M.A.C furthermore divides the market on the basis of personality being fashion forward, artistic and creative which is a form of psychographic segmentation. The buying situations in which target market purchase M.A.C lipstick (that were discovered form in-depth interviews) where; outlets both direct through online shopping and in-store department store (David Jones), benefits sought as in the large colour range M.A.C product provides.. The consumers of M.A.C lipstick are brand loyals, however they can be routinized favourable brand switchers as well this is due to the positioning of M.A.C lipstick in the Rossiter-Percy-Bellman grid.

The Importance Of Reducing The Intensity Of A Sonic Boom

Shawn Merrick-Miller Ryan Cilsick Science Research 12/20/16 The importance of reducing the intensity of a sonic boom is essential to making supersonic flight a possibility for passenger aircraft over land. Currently, supersonic flight over land in the US is prohibited by the FAA due to the annoyance associated with the sonicboom to people (observers) on the ground. The advancement of sonic boom reduction could lead to the advancement in the way we travel around the world with amazing speeds. Speeds up to mach 3.3 at 88,000ft (That s nearly 17 miles!) can be achieved in an SR-71 Blackbird, that keep in mind, it was made and introduced in 1966. 50 years later, we have the ability to transport people vast distances and at high speeds safely, but we don’t. Why not? Getting up to speed is not the issue in this circumstance, the issue is doing it quietly. It can be said that this problem can be eliminated by making a suborbital transport aircraft, which could be very beneficial, but will still create a sonic boom, and will still, annoy peopl e. At a higher price. Supersonic flight was pioneered by the air force in 1947, when Chuck Yeager became the first man to break the sound barrier. Shortly after, supersonic aircraft research was started. â€Å"Supersonic cruising aircraft did not begin until the mid-1950 s. Research on such aircraft had its origins in the United States in the work which was begun in 1954 or 1955 in support of the Air Force XB-70Show MoreRelatedCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesadvanced level work assignments are specifically designed to test readers’ in-depth understanding of issues and/or ability to use them in a project situation. Where the relationship between strategy and the separate business functions is of primary importance, group work (preferably with cross-functional teams) could be very helpful. This could be for work on the case studies, in-company work or business simulations. †¢ †¢ 3.2 Level of participant The purpose of a strategy course is likely toRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 Pages Industry Analysis: Introduction The ï ¬ rst major component of the course looks at how we can understand and identify the sources of proï ¬ t in the external environment of the ï ¬ rm. Our focus is on how industry structure determines the nature and intensity of competition and the level of industry proï ¬ tability. This analysis is then used to formulate strategies to increase industry proï ¬ tability. Reading: Case: Grant, Chap. 3 The US Airline Industry in 2002 Discussion questions: 1. How has the USRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswhat it would entail and affect the freedoms they had enjoyed, and that of their families. For example, would they need bodyguards? How about the paparazzi? And their employees who would become instant millionaires, how would this affect their intensity and focus? And would they even stay with Google, or go out on their own? (We know that many left to start their own enterprises.) In early 2004, the employees were quietly told that the company was going to file a public offering. And thousands