Woman In Black Live Theatre Review Essay Example For Students

Woman In Black Live Theatre Review Essay On the 29th of November I went to see the woman in black at the fortune theatre in London. The play was adapted from Susan Hill’s original novel, ‘The Woman in Black’, by Stephan Mallart into a semi-naturalistic play within a play. The book pulled on themes from Victorian ghost stories, making it a horror filled with anticipation, the constant air of suspense with underlying menace and threat is replicated superbly. The director, Robin Herford, uses theatrical techniques to ignite and excite our imagination, forcing us to imagine something far worse than what we are actually seeing. Herford’s main intention is to scare us, something, judging by the constant screams, he does quite well. The play also continuously hints towards its period setting, showing the era through the period costume, like bowler hats, and referring to ‘modern’ technology, like recorded sound. We will write a custom essay on Woman In Black Live Theatre Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The theatre itself appeared to be from the Victorian era and is a proscenium arch with a thrust coming out of the CS. The thrust was used by both David Acton and Ben Deery to come out of their various characters and narrate parts of the story, speaking directly to the audience. For the majority of the play a fourth wall was created, but as the thrust came out of the stage it seemed to also come out of the fourth wall. The theatre was also small, making us feel trapped and intensifying the experience because the audience feed off each other’s emotions. When we first entered the theatre we noticed how the stage was set with an odd assortment of unclean, well used items (a chair, a wicker basket, a costume rail covered in a dirty sheet, two buckets and an abandoned piece of scenery placed slightly off stage). The props had no obvious connection and appeared to have no purpose, creating the image of a theatre in the dark, as was the intention of both director, Robin Herford, and designer, Michael Holt. This effect was also created by the dull, dark colours of the props and set. The lack of set also enhanced the idea of an abandoned, unused theatre. A grey gauze obscured the back half of the stage and the floor was painted to look like old wooden floor boards, giving us no real indication of where the play was set and added to the bleak and empty feel. The floor had been painted so that it was darker near the edges and lighter near the middle, focusing our attention and intensifying the play. The play started with Mr (R-)Kipps (R-Kipps refers to real Kipps, Mr kipps to actor in role) walking onstage. There was no indication from lighting or sound that the play had begun as neither changed, even the house lights didn’t go down. This, the lack of set and Mr (R-)Kipps repeating and tripping over his lines gave an immediate amateurish feel to the production. However Mr (R-)Kipps was then interrupted by the actor, who was standing behind the people sitting in the stalls, making them jump. He referred to all the empty seats as he made his way up to the stage, making it clear that the play was set in a theatre and that we weren’t really there, creating a fourth wall. The fact that the lighting and sound hadn’t changed made us think that the production was set in the theatre we were sitting in, immediately making the play (and the non-existent threat of the woman in black) more realistic. The actors were performing for a long time before the house lights finally faded out, allowing us to be slowly drawn in and as the story darkened so did the stage lighting and the seating area around us. .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .postImageUrl , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:hover , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:visited , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:active { border:0!important; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:active , .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u079628ae2ba065205daa781ccc22e71b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play starts EssayThe key way in which they differentiated between the play (the Actor helping Mr (R-)Kipps) and the play within the play (PWP) (the Actor playing Mr Kipps) was the use of sound and lighting. The PWP used a vast array of sound and lighting drawing us into the story, where as the play used a basic wash of white light, and if a sound effect was added it was always commented upon (e.g. the clock ticking to make the office), and had only been added in the first place as it was going to be used in the PWP. The Actor communicated with the imaginary sound technician Mr Bruce by moving DS, looking up, past audience and clicking his fingers to do this. He would also click his fingers at Mr Bruce to snap out of the PWP. This was extremely effective as we were always aware of which play we were viewing. However I found it annoying as after they had been building up tension in the PWP to suddenly snap out of it destroyed the tension and took us away from the story, making us once again aware that we were watching a play. This also made the scenes that took part in the play seemed long and drawn out, as the lack of lighting and sound meant that the play relied solely on the acting, script and plot, weakening the overall production. However the performances during the PWP were fantastic. David Acton convincingly became a variety of different characters, convincingly changing his accent for each character depending on their class and area they lived (e.g. country accent) as well as giving them certain characteristic, for instance Tomes’s sniff. The tone and pace of his voice would also change, for instance Keckwick had a slow, deep, emotionless voice with a thick country accent. He also had an emotionless facial expression and was hunched over, creating a secrecy about the character that made us very wary of him. His transformation between the different characters was also aided with simple costume changes that dictated the class and background of the character, as well as suiting the situation they were currently in. For example to become Keckwick he donned a dark green coat, an old scarf and brown hat. All the items looked well used, inexpensive and were darkly coloured, suitably making the character looked dressed for a cold night or day, showing he is working-class as well as indicating to the audience that the characters were outside. Where as to be Mr Jerome at the funeral he dressed smartly in a black suit and top hat (middle or upper class), again this suited the character and the situation. The majority of the costume changes were done on stage with the open use of a clothes rail. This is a Brechtian technique that asks the audience to suspend their disbelief and momentarily breaks the fourth wall. However we were perfectly happy to accept the actors doing it, as we simply believed him to be Mr Kipps acting.

Free Essays on Describe And Evaluate One Study Into Conformity

Kim. Moreland Describe and evaluate one study into conformity. [18] 6 marks AO1- Describing the aims procedures, findings and conclusions 12 marks A02- Evaluation and commentary Zimbardo decided to conduct an experiment containing 21 male students, in which he enrolled them into two categories, he did this randomly in order to ensure that there was no bias involved, some would be given the roll of a prisoner and the others would be the guards guarding the prisoners. Zimbardo hoped to discover that the subjects would conform into the roles of the stereotype prisoner and guard, so that he could discover if the hostility found in real prisons was due to a personality trait more often found in the prison guards. Before Zimbardo could conduct the experiment he chose his subjects carefully and put them through tests to ensure that their mental condition was stable and that they were all ‘normal’. This was done to ensure that the experiment was fair and that the subjects had a less likely chance of suffering from any psychological factors after ending the experiment. He would place them in the bottom floor of an university which had been transformed into a prison environment to ensure that the conditions were as real as possible for the volunteers. to continue this idea of reality Zimbardo sent police cars to the homes of those assigned as prisoners and ‘arrested’ them there, this took place without any formal consent by the volunteers, but Zimbardo saw no harm in doing this. This could be seen as an unethical action on Zimbardo’s behalf. They were then transported to the ‘prison’ and stripped, searched, deloused and given their prison uniform. The guards were also given an uniform and a set of 16 rules they should follow. This sense of reality added more credibility to the experiment and therefore could also motivate them into their roles. The experiment gave light to many unethical happenings and the exten... Free Essays on Describe And Evaluate One Study Into Conformity Free Essays on Describe And Evaluate One Study Into Conformity Kim. Moreland Describe and evaluate one study into conformity. [18] 6 marks AO1- Describing the aims procedures, findings and conclusions 12 marks A02- Evaluation and commentary Zimbardo decided to conduct an experiment containing 21 male students, in which he enrolled them into two categories, he did this randomly in order to ensure that there was no bias involved, some would be given the roll of a prisoner and the others would be the guards guarding the prisoners. Zimbardo hoped to discover that the subjects would conform into the roles of the stereotype prisoner and guard, so that he could discover if the hostility found in real prisons was due to a personality trait more often found in the prison guards. Before Zimbardo could conduct the experiment he chose his subjects carefully and put them through tests to ensure that their mental condition was stable and that they were all ‘normal’. This was done to ensure that the experiment was fair and that the subjects had a less likely chance of suffering from any psychological factors after ending the experiment. He would place them in the bottom floor of an university which had been transformed into a prison environment to ensure that the conditions were as real as possible for the volunteers. to continue this idea of reality Zimbardo sent police cars to the homes of those assigned as prisoners and ‘arrested’ them there, this took place without any formal consent by the volunteers, but Zimbardo saw no harm in doing this. This could be seen as an unethical action on Zimbardo’s behalf. They were then transported to the ‘prison’ and stripped, searched, deloused and given their prison uniform. The guards were also given an uniform and a set of 16 rules they should follow. This sense of reality added more credibility to the experiment and therefore could also motivate them into their roles. The experiment gave light to many unethical happenings and the exten...

Health literacy and patient safety & role of advance practise nurse Term Paper

Health literacy and patient safety & role of advance practise nurse - Term Paper Example Studies have shown that patient friendly communication and an open attitude to answering questions are the best strategies for helping patients understand medical information, and caring for them more effectively. Health literacy is defined as â€Å"the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions† (Ratzan and Parker, 2000). The first step for an advanced practice nurse to measure levels of health literacy in a patient, is to overcome barriers of communication and create an open shame free environment. An attitude of helpfulness and understanding of his/her problems, and offering an environment of privacy to answer questions and discuss details of history, education and medications, will enhance understanding and a feeling of adequacy in patients. Having a family member present if the patient feels more comfortable, and willingness to answer any questions, even repetitive ones, help instill confidence. An advanced practice nurse needs to take patient backgrounds into account while communicating with them. Things like can they read the instructions on pill boxes or do they recognize them by color? are important indications of the level of health literacy in patients.

The Penalty Phase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Penalty Phase - Essay Example To add on this, the jury already had a verdict; Esherman was guilty of more than 30 charges against him. He was convicted of mutilating, raping and murdering 17 teenage girls. Shortly after this verdict was given, Hoffman is tipped by about violation of the defendant’s rights during interrogation. He finds out that the evidences used against Esherman were not obtained legally. The search warrant used was invalid thus the arresting officers had violated Esherman’s constitutional rights. This renders the whole procedure void. Further probing reveals corruption on part of the district attorneys and lawyers, some of whom are running on Hoffman’s political slate. Hoffman realizes that if he undertakes the appropriate legal action, he will definitely destroy his political career. He is caught in the middle of a legal storm and is faced with a profound legal dilemma: Should he honor every stroke of the law, and incur public wrath and loose every hope of being re-elected or should he deliver justice to the perpetrator and risk destroying his political life? The ethical dilemma from the perspective of each main character The main characters in the movie are Hoffman, Esherman, the prosecutor, and Hoffman’s main opponent, Susan Jansen. Hoffman feels that he has a legal obligation to defend the rule of law and consequently Esherman’s rights. ... According to them, nothing should be reversed in favor of Esherman and this is seen when Jansen takes advantage of the media coverage to popularize an image of Hoffman as a liberal who is soft on criminals. How the dilemma was resolved Hoffman’s ultimate actions and rationale represents the part of the movie that was splendidly executed. Having considered his personal, public and legal interests, Hoffman decided to rule the case in favor of Esherman. Through a clear interpretation of the law and especially in regard to the legality of evidences, Hoffman declared the whole process invalid because of the violation of the defendants and the corruption involved. He based his exclusion of the evidence on the way it was obtained. In doing so, Hoffman already beat his opponents by throwing the blame to the police for their unwarranted conduct when collecting evidence and satisfying the interests of the public by according justice to Esherman. The kind of ethical framework that best d escribes how the dilemma was analyzed and resolved. The kind of ethical framework that describes how the dilemma was analyzed and resolved is the need for zealous prosecution. This ethical framework requires that legal professionals should not only seek to prosecute. They should also seek for justice for the offenders including those found guilty. This framework is based on ethical theories like rule utilitarianism. This theory supports the exclusionary rule because the long-term impacts of allowing illegal police behaviour will be more costly than allowing one criminal free. This framework therefore supports the power to use discretion among judges. Pollock (2004) explains that the use of discretion occurs in

Individual written analysis of case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual written analysis of case - Essay Example In order to generate superior value for patients, Cleveland had evaluated the requirements of the patients in the first place, restructured the organisation in order to fulfil those requirements and developed information technology (IT) system (Porter and Teisberg 1-23). Critical Components of Cleveland’s Overall Strategy. According to the case provided, the three critical components of Cleveland’s overall strategy include innovation, culture and growth. Cleveland has made innovation in several areas like medical services. A few of its innovation comprise establishing world first heart transplant by implanting artificial heart and developing first computerised information registry on cardiac diagnosis among others. Furthermore, Cleveland remained much committed towards maintaining excellent team culture with outstanding administrative and interactive abilities (Porter and Teisberg 1-23). Where Cleveland Clinic Made Most Progress? Most of the progress of Cleveland was concentrated on the area of health system, organisational structure, patient satisfaction and information technology. In order to enhance the health system, Dr. Cosgrove, the CEO of the Clinic has started to rationalise the healthcare services across the system. The objective was to deliver appropriate care at the right place for each patient. As a part of rationalisation, several activities were undertaken, for example, obstetrics were shifted to community hospitals and psychiatry facilities were focused on one community area among others. Furthermore, Cleveland also improved the health system by increasing constancy and incorporation of care paths and by developing a common medical recoding system (Porter and Teisberg 1-23). Specially mentioning, the organisational structure of Cleveland has also improved considerably. In the year 2007, Dr. Cosgrove has reorganised every healthcare

Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay

Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay This paper shows the public attitude towards new urban transport system. This study was actually taken out when the project was being under construction. Random sampling was done to the people who commute mostly by their own car. People were asked different questions by surveying questionnaire to find travel attitudes. SPSS was used to find results. Most people were not willing to switch from their own car to new urban transport system. By results it was found that current public transport in Lahore is uncomfortable, unsecure, and not reliable. By assuring that new system will be reliable, comfortable and suits you in every respect, most people were still unwilling to switch from car because they dont have trust on govt. To conclude, new system has drawbacks and people attitudes are not eco- friendly. INTRODUCTION Increase in private car usage in developing countries is causing numerous problems. Many big cities of developing world are facing issues like congestion, air pollution etc. Public transport and sustainable modes of travelling are considered to be solution. (Goodwin, 1996; Greene and Wegener, 1997). Lahore is the second populated city of Pakistan. Its population is more than 9 million and about 13.5 million daily people travel in 2006. (Transport Department1, 2012). Population is increasing, private car trend and related problems are exacerbating. In city, public transport is very poorly managed, traffic jams has increased the commuting distance. Lahore Transport Company buses are good but these are in very few routes. Mostly mini-buses which are very poor in condition are major transportation mode. By the last 15 years, increase in population and private vehicles has deteriorated air quality. Vehicle registration has increased from 56 to 116 per 1000 inhabitants. Cars have been increasing 10-15% annually. (Transport Department2, 2012) There were 2129990 total registered vehicles up to June 2009. (Punjab Development Statics, 2010) Public transport is often considered a sustainable mode for transportation. There should be policy measures to increase public transport usage. For that, public transport systems have to be improved by understanding the travel behavior and consumer needs. ( Beirao and Cabral, 2007 ) Rapid Transit System To cope with traffic problems and such issues JICA done a detailed study in Lahore on transportation system. The study plan was for 20 years, two main corridors were identified: Ferozepur Road Corridor 28.7 Km Multan Road Corridor 12.4 Km Ferozpur Road corridor is also called Green Line, which extends from Hamza Town to Shahdara. It goes along Ferozpur Road, Fatima Jinnah Road, The Mall, Lower Mall, Ravi Road and ends on Shahdara through River Ravi. The journey from Hamza Town to Shahdra Station will take about 45 minutes by a regular speed of 33 Km/hr. It is assessed that 380,000 commuters will travel per day in 2015 rising to around 666,000 by 2025. The expected cost of Green Line is 2.4 billion US$, and an EIRR of over 13%. Orange Line is second important line 27 Km long from South west of Lahore at Ali Town to Dera Guran in the North east. It runs along Raiwind Road to Thokar Niazbeg, Multan Road, Lake Road, Macleod Road, GT Raod and ends on east of Ring Road GT Road interchange. The Patronage of this line is projected to be about 330,000 commuters per day in the opening year 2018, going up to 495,000 by 2025. The expected cost is 2.0 billion US$ and EIRR is 10%. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project also stimulated private sector attention in city transport system. Govt. of Punjab and Lahore Transport Company would make sure investment friendly environment to the private sector to practice protected, comfortable, reliable and inexpensive public transport. Feasibility, design, manufacture, process and maintenance of BRT will be on BOT basis. Therell be electronic fare system and fare will be decided by LTC which can vary with the time. Standards of safety and speed will be sustained. It will save vehicle operational and maintenance cost. Travel time and congestion will decrease resulting in reduced number of road accidents. Economic activities will upturn. By the presence of smoother and safer intra city travel system people will tend to switch from private car to new urban transport system. Thus this will be fuel efficient and sustainable mode. Project implementation is based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) which will resolve finance problem and project will complete in certain time. Private party will be responsible for whole implementation of project. BRT system will take up in the central defined lanes. This will prevent from traffic queues, pedestrians, illegal parked automobiles etc. Passengers will pay on bus stop entering, and every platform of station will be elevated to the height of bus floor. Bus lanes must be maintained by regulatory signing and separated from rest of the traffic by physical barriers. Additional force will be hired to prevent infringement into bus lanes and fines will be charged for illegal entry. Bus way requires two lanes in each course, and one lane will be 10 feet wide in each course. (Transport Department1, 2012 Transport Department2, 2012) METHODOLOGY Data Source: Random sampling was done along the proposed Green Line where project work had been started. It was about long. I did survey in Punjab Secretariat, Govt. College University, Punjab University (old campus), Choburji, 32 Chowk, Urdu Bazar. I selected those people who travel by their private car mostly. I acquired the information by asking questions so that i tried to get relevant and accurate answer. There were 100 questionnaires that I filled by people. Before it I run pilot testing to correct mistakes in our questionnaire. For all the statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Then the analytical techniques like frequencies, cross tables, correlations, and regression was done and interpreted the results. VARIABLES: The variables that I used in questionnaire were age, income, education, marital status, gender, family size, commuting distance, time spend on road, usage of public transport, reliability of public transport, reason for using private car, air pollution by car usage, road congestion on road, reliance on new urban transport, willingness to switch from car, reason for not willing. Contingent Evaluation Method: I used CVM method to find willingness to switch from car usage to new urban transport system. CVM is used to find willingness to pay and willingness to accept for some betterment in the system. The method enables us to establish the value of those goods and services that are not exchanged in markets hence prices are not associated with them. Results: Correlations What is your education? Will you switch to new transport system? What is your education? Pearson Correlation 1 .077 Sig. (2-tailed) .444 N 100 100 Will you switch to new transport system? Pearson Correlation .077 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .444 N 100 100 As the value is .077 near to zero it means theres a weak relation between education and willingness to switch. More the education means that theres less willingness to switch from private car usage to public transport. People were not willing to switch either they have highly educated or not. This shows the selfish and non-friendly behavior to environment. Correlations What is your income? Will you switch to new transport system? What is your income? Pearson Correlation 1 .059 Sig. (2-tailed) .562 N 100 100 Will you switch to new transport system? Pearson Correlation .059 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .562 N 100 100 Correlation value is .059 for income, showing also weak relation between income and willingness to switch. More the income person is less likely to switch from car usage to public transport. Regression: The value of regression should be from 0 to 1. The low values education, income and other factors show that the people attitudes are not determined by these factors. They dont care of environment. R- SQUARE: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .121a .015 -.016 1.018 2 .199b .040 -.022 1.021 3 .214c .046 -.050 1.035 a. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? b. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? c. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? Road congestion increased time spends, comfort and reliability of public transport, new urban transport system is reliable T-value Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.204 .454 2.652 .009 What is your age? .015 .136 .014 .113 .911 What is your income? .064 .153 .050 .417 .677 What is your gender? .212 .204 .106 1.041 .301 2 (Constant) .702 .671 1.047 .298 What is your age? .009 .138 .008 .063 .950 What is your income? .054 .158 .043 .342 .733 What is your gender? .196 .205 .097 .955 .342 What is your education? .094 .176 .056 .537 .593 What type of is your job? .148 .106 .143 1.391 .168 What is your commuting distance? .012 .178 .007 .065 .948 3 (Constant) 1.153 .916 1.260 .211 What is your age? .011 .140 .010 .077 .939 What is your income? .050 .163 .040 .308 .759 What is your gender? .178 .209 .089 .851 .397 What is your education? .087 .182 .051 .481 .632 What type of is your job? .151 .108 .146 1.401 .165 What is your commuting distance? .020 .181 .011 .108 .914 comfort and reliability of public transport -.118 .198 -.063 -.595 .553 new urban transport system is reliable -.028 .127 -.024 -.218 .828 road congestion increased time spend -.045 .107 -.044 -.419 .677 a. Dependent Variable: will you switch to new transport system? Conclusion and Discussion: Road congestion and air pollution is one of the major problems caused by increasing trend of private car usage. Public transport is often considered an effective and environment friendly way of travelling. Rapid transit project in Lahore seems to be effective but people using private car are not willing to switch to this. Most people dont have trust on current government, they dislike this project. Some say that this project would not be completed because this government was going to end sooner. And they didnt believe that itd have security, more comfort, and better management. And many people had the problem that this rapid transit route is specified and their homes were far away. So, if they wanted to travel by mass transit then they had to cover long distance to join it. Some people say that they had to done different tasks in whole day so the timing of rapid transit would not suit them. Only, very less people were agreed on switching to rapid transit because they suffer mostly by traffic jams and cant afford any damage to their car. These all are behaviors of people and they dont depend totally on education, income, marital status, gender, commuting distance etc. By doing all work I concluded that the behavior would all different when the project was completed and bus was started to travel. Mini-buses, vans, and open rickshaws would almost washout. Because these all are in very bad conditions and person only used that due to absence of alternative. So, I think theres no need to tell the people right things but change the situation and conditions so that their attitude becomes environmental friendly. As effective policy making and its implementation can do this.

Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kemmedy :: John Fitzgerald Kennedy

Assassination of JFK On Friday, November 22nd 1963 at 12:30 P.M. the 35th president of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassinated while he rode in an open limousine though the streets of Dallas. This event, which abruptly and severely altered the course of history, has created more controversy than any other single event. Some haunting questions still remain. "Who did it?" "Why did they do it?" "How was it done?" "Was there a cover up" The official answers complied by the Warren Commission have never satisfied the majority of the world's population. In this following essay I will try to show who was responsible for the assassination of John F. Kennedy. I believe the only way to prove that there was a cover up, is to firstly prove that Lee Harvey Oswald is not the killer. The Warren Commission consisting of "various outstanding citizens" was created to "ascertain, evaluate and report upon the facts relating to the assassination ... and the subsequent violent death of the man charged with the assassination Lee Harvey Oswald. The purpose of the Commission was to examine the evidence developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and any additional evidence that may hereafter come to light ... to make such further investigation, as the Commission finds desirable. In less than one week they found that a 'lone nut' killed JKF. At no time did the Warren Commission seem to consider the basic legal rights of Oswald - innocence until proven guilty, the right to legal representation, or the right to cross-examine witnesses and evidence against him. There is no way that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin. Firstly the paraffin test of Oswald's hands and his right cheek conducted on November 23, 1963, has been positive for his hands but negative for his cheek. Generally, this is evidence in Oswald's favor, but the Commission asserted that the test "is completely unreliable in determining either whether a person has recently fired a weapon or whether he has not." Nobody saw Oswald on the 6th floor window after 11:55 on November 22nd. 90 seconds after the assassination, Roy Truly and Police officer M. L. Baker saw Oswald on the second floor. Oswald had to take the stairs down. But he had just 90 seconds to hide the rifle in the opposite corner of the sixth floor, run downstairs 4 floors passing Victoria Adams who never saw him and reach the second floor where he was encountered to be "calm and collected". The Warren Commission claimed that Oswald fired three shots Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kemmedy :: John Fitzgerald Kennedy Assassination of JFK On Friday, November 22nd 1963 at 12:30 P.M. the 35th president of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy assassinated while he rode in an open limousine though the streets of Dallas. This event, which abruptly and severely altered the course of history, has created more controversy than any other single event. Some haunting questions still remain. "Who did it?" "Why did they do it?" "How was it done?" "Was there a cover up" The official answers complied by the Warren Commission have never satisfied the majority of the world's population. In this following essay I will try to show who was responsible for the assassination of John F. Kennedy. I believe the only way to prove that there was a cover up, is to firstly prove that Lee Harvey Oswald is not the killer. The Warren Commission consisting of "various outstanding citizens" was created to "ascertain, evaluate and report upon the facts relating to the assassination ... and the subsequent violent death of the man charged with the assassination Lee Harvey Oswald. The purpose of the Commission was to examine the evidence developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and any additional evidence that may hereafter come to light ... to make such further investigation, as the Commission finds desirable. In less than one week they found that a 'lone nut' killed JKF. At no time did the Warren Commission seem to consider the basic legal rights of Oswald - innocence until proven guilty, the right to legal representation, or the right to cross-examine witnesses and evidence against him. There is no way that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin. Firstly the paraffin test of Oswald's hands and his right cheek conducted on November 23, 1963, has been positive for his hands but negative for his cheek. Generally, this is evidence in Oswald's favor, but the Commission asserted that the test "is completely unreliable in determining either whether a person has recently fired a weapon or whether he has not." Nobody saw Oswald on the 6th floor window after 11:55 on November 22nd. 90 seconds after the assassination, Roy Truly and Police officer M. L. Baker saw Oswald on the second floor. Oswald had to take the stairs down. But he had just 90 seconds to hide the rifle in the opposite corner of the sixth floor, run downstairs 4 floors passing Victoria Adams who never saw him and reach the second floor where he was encountered to be "calm and collected". The Warren Commission claimed that Oswald fired three shots

Behavioralism & Political Science

The field of Political Science is a field that is rich in issues and knowledge. It contains many issues that may be subject of inquiry. In this field, many queries have been made and many researches have been performed. The years have shown an evolution of research processes involving many different methods and approaches, targeting different goals, and focusing on different aspects of an issue.One of the most popular of these approaches is the behavioralist approach. The behavioralist approach has been used in many inquiries in Political Science and has been subject of analyses of many scholarly works pertaining to the field.In this essay, I will examine two of such works. The first of them is David Sanders â€Å"Behaviouralism†; and the second is Robert A Dahl’s â€Å"The Behavioral Approach in Political Science: Epitaph for a Monument to a Successful Protest†. David Sanders’ â€Å"Behaviouralism† is a quick look at some of the important concepts involved in behavioralist studies. This involves an examination of the core question â€Å"what do actors involved actually do and how can we best explain how they do it? † It emphasizes the quest of behavioralists for reliability and truth.This can be shown through the use of quantitative, in addition to qualitative, measures or statistical techniques, the attempt to explain all empirical evidence or at least a representative sample, and the requirement of falsifiability. It emphasizes on the criteria of being internally consistent, consistent with other theories explaining related phenomena and capable of generating empirical predictions. The article also delved on the criticisms thrown against behavioralism. Among these is the tendency to emphasize what can be easily measured and what can be easily observed.This results to a failure to comprehend the â€Å"big picture† because of the focus on smaller aspects of an issue that is capable of measurement. However, as th e Sanders wrote, this is not to say that â€Å"all examples of behavioral research are flawed†. Behavioral research has vast contributions to the understanding and explanation of social behavior.This strength, according to Sanders, is derived mainly from the â€Å"determination to pursue forms of analysis that are capable of replication†. On the other hand, Robert A. Dahl’s â€Å"The Behavioral Approach in Political Science: Epitaph for a Monument to a Successful Protest† is a historical and evolutionary account of the theory of behavioralism. It touches on the main concepts and ideas behind the theory, such as the main question involved in behavioral research, the scientific nature of its purpose, the goal of discovering uniformities and indicating the consequences of such patterns, and use of quantitative tools whenever possible (767). However, the article’s main focus is on how the approach has originated and evolved through time.According to Da hl, the behavioral approach was originally a â€Å"protest movement within political science†. It resulted from â€Å"a strong sense of dissatisfaction with the achievements of conventional political science†¦ and a belief that additional methods and approaches either existed or could be developed† (766). The article then goes on to discuss the reactions to the behavioral approach and its contributions in the field of research, especially in voting studies (769-770). It finished its discussion with a prediction of the future of behavioralism as a research approach in the field of political science.Dahl believes that, from being a movement of protest, the behavioralist approach will â€Å"slowly decay as a distinctive mood and outlook† and â€Å"will become, and in fact already is becoming, incorporated into the main body of the discipline,† thus marking its success as a research approach (p. 770). The introduction of behavioralism provided a good bri dge between the purely qualitative approach to social science research and the systematic, reliable and verifiable methodologies of quantitative research.It is undeniable fact that social science research is a complex arena where various actors, factors and circumstances interact to produce results that is often not uniform and regular, unlike in the field of hard science. Most factors are difficult to isolate and measure. Trends are difficult to establish and changes easy and research results have a higher margin of error. This is due to the fact that the subjects of social science research are mostly individuals or entities composed by individuals.This is why, for a very long time, most research methodologies in social science are too flexible and indefinite. The inherent difficulty of measuring social science phenomena prevented the field from developing a research methodology as rigid as that in the hard science. This difficulty is the reason why, despite the attempts to achieve the reliability of the scientific method, behavioralism remains to be mostly qualitative, thus using quantitative methods only when possible.While many people recognize the contribution of behavioralism in the field of political science, many people also throw criticism to its validity as a method. The main contribution of behavioralism that sets it apart from other approaches is also the source of these criticisms—measurability and verifiability. While these criticisms may actually true, they do not render behavioralism useless. The task of a researcher is not only to employ a research method and accept the results as it is. A good researcher knows that his data may be polluted or compounded.Due to the complexity of political science phenomena, a researcher should not only be able to identify and isolate the factors that should be measured, it should also know the other factors that may affect or even pollute the results of his research. He should know that his methods are not perfect and there is probability for mistakes. This is especially necessary in the field of political science where the possibility of compounding is high the opportunity to make a research that encompass all factors is low. Both Dahl’s and Sander’s articles are incomplete discussions of the Behavioralist approach.This is partly due to the fact they are only parts of a whole collection of articles in a book. Therefore, their goal is not actually to give a comprehensive discussion of behavioralism, but rather to give and discuss only a few of its aspects and main features. Their foci are only on certain aspects of the approach. Therefore, while the discussion may not be said to be exhaustive and comprehensive as regards behavioralism as the articles’ subject matter, they are exhaustive and comprehensive within their respective limits.First, Robert A. Dahl was able to provide a comprehensive presentation of the origin and development as an approach. He was abl e to identify the reason the approach was introduced and the factors that facilitated its growth. He was also able to note the changes that the approach has undertaken and some of its most notable contributions in research. It even provided a prediction of the future of behavioralism. On the other hand, David A. Sanders provided a very brief but complete discussion of the essence of behavioralism, including its strengths and weaknesses as a research approach.While the discussion is not too in-depth to the point of being technical, the discussion is sufficient for a person, even with a non-political science background to understand what behavioralism is and what sets it apart from other theories. The articles by both authors are well-supported. Dahl’s article was supported by specific facts in history that are cited to facilitate the discussion about the development of behavioralism. These facts and details show the quality of research that went into the work.Sanders’ a rticle, on the other hand, is supported by illustrations. Since the discussion is as regards relevant concepts, the approach is more of illustrating the dynamics of behavioral approach through the use of examples. As for the style of writing, Robert Dahl's article reaches more to the audience because of its style of writing. The use of the word â€Å"I† and the insertion of several personal insights while discussing hard facts contributed to the dynamic and smooth reading process that the reader may experience while reading the article.The paradox one may experience while reading is that, while the article tackles about development, something which may be done with just a recital of facts, Dahl was able to made the discussion something that is not a mere recital of facts, but an expression of his own insights. Therefore, the author avoided putting distance between him and his article and made the article his own. The audience of the article is those that belong to the field. This may be gleaned from the fact that the focus is on development and not on concepts.There is an assumption that the readers already have basic understanding of the theory of behavioralism, and can thus relate to what the author is saying. Such initial understanding of behavioralism is necessary for the reader to be able to relate to what the author is discussing and form a personal evaluation as regards the validity of the author's observation. Sanders' style of writing takes the opposite form of than of Dahl's. His is a more formal discussion of the concepts. His article is more appropriate for readers who are just being introduced to behavioralism.The discussion may be as formal as a discussion in political science may allow, but the language used is simple and easy to comprehend. It discussed behavioralism from its core concepts to the ideas which revolved around it such as scientific approach and quantitative research. Unlike Dahl, Sanders places a distance between him and hi s article by using a formal format in the discussion. Dahl and Sanders articles offer a comprehensive discussion of behavioralism. However, read apart, they are limited only as to their specific purposes—Dahl’s as to the development of behavioralism and Sanders’ as to the core concepts and ideas involved.All in all, both articles are satisfactory pieces about behavioralism. They are clear, concise and informative, without being too rigid and technical. They are straight to the point, elaborating only when needed. They are both useful, especially for new students of Political Science. References: Dahl, R. A. `The Behavioural Approach in Political Science: Epitaph for a Monument to a Successful Protest`, American Political Science Review, vol. 55, no. 4 (1961), pp 763-772.Sanders, David `Behaviouralism` in Marsh, David and Gerry Stoker, Theory and Methods in Political Science (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002) ch. 2..

Charles Rot S Macbeth Play Review Essays

Charles Rot S Macbeth Play Review Essays Charles Rot S Macbeth Play Review Essay Charles Rot S Macbeth Play Review Essay In the theatre production of Macbeth, directed by Charles Roy, we see a modernized version of the play, set in 20th century Syria, with a young but experienced cast. The contemporary take on Macbeth is fresh and original, but still holds true to the plays original values and themes. The cast was able to clearly illustrate the themes and characters, without watering down the play. The intense fight scenes and dynamic noises and special effects were able to keep the attention of easily distracted teenagers in the audience. Charles Roy definitely made some noticeable changes to the play, some I liked, and others I was not too crazy about. The main change that this production of Macbeth has made is the fact that the play is modernized. Since this timeless Shakespearean tragedy was written in the sasss, some of the lines spoken directly contradicted what was on the set. For example when Banquet was killed in Act 3 Scene 3, The First Murderer said, His horses go about. (Line 1 3), while on set there were motorcycles. Knowing that the play was modernized this was an easy connection to make, but for some people, it could make for some confusion. Also, the play is set in Syria rather than Scotland, making the references to Ireland and England seem very outlandish, considering the distance from Ireland to Syria. Another difference is the fact that Duncan was killed on stage. This addition to the play is something have mixed feelings about. It helped with the understanding of the play, but took away from imagining hat happened and from the tension that comes along with imagining. Another major change from the book to play of Macbeth is the absence of fair is foul,foul is 1 Scene 1). Since the supernatural is a substantial and meaningful theme in Macbeth, leaving out the base of the theme, really made it hard to follow the theme and underplayed the supernatural. Over all, was not a fan of the changes to the play, as some took away from the understanding of the play, while others took away from the suspense and imagination. One thing I was a fan off were the special effects. The writing appearing on the walls helped connect scenes and characters to major themes through out the play, and also emphasized words or phrases that have to do with the characterization. When the word ambition appeared on the wall during Machetes aside, which helped to connect the theme Of ambition to Macbeth, as the aside is revealing his inner most thoughts. One thing would have changed in this production was the set. It did not change at all for all of Act 1, even though the setting changes from the battle field to Dunces castle, and they relied mostly on special affects rather than objects. The set was basic, but the cast was able to work efficiently with, and that is a testament to their talents. The casts ability to play multiple characters and to display a characters personality and motifs was very impressive. Lauren Debbie, who played Lady Macbeth, had a captivating performance. She made the character change from a ruthless and ambitious women to a women filled with guilt, who could not carry on knowing what she has done crystal clear and seamless. She irked with the props very efficiently, like using the bath tub to emphasize how her hands will never be clean, making it easy for the student audience to comprehend the major theme of guilt and its connection to Lady Macbeth. A change in speech was most noticeable in the witches. In some versions of Macbeth, the witches have a eerie, raspy voice, which helps the audience distinguish them as evil or supernatural, but in the play they spoke like the rest of the cast, which could have been misleading if you had heard dramatic recordings of the play. The porter scene was executed very well, and was perfect comic relief. The drunken, humorous mood of the porter got the audience re-engaged with the play and laughing, while reliving suspense from the murder of Duncan. This version of this scene was spot on to our groups analysis. It clearly got across the theme of equivocation and the symbol of the Machetes castle as hell. Something interesting to note character wise is that Dominance is not found in the production. Charles Rays take on Macbeth is original, has some downfalls but also has lots of positives. It compares well to a production of Macbeth I saw earlier HTHÂ ± year, and proves that no matter where the play is set in, the major themes like ambition play a role in periods of time and places. I enjoyed the play for the most part, especially enjoyed the acting, and thought it was a perfect length and in a beautiful theatre. I definitely recommend seeing this classical theatre project of the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth.

Sir Gwain and the Greeness essays

Sir Gwain and the Greeness essays There once lived a king, the great king of Uruk in Mesopotamia. This great leader was Gilgamesh. His preserved epic is of great significance to modern day culture. Through Gilgamesh, the fate of mankind is revealed, and the inevitable factor of change is expressed. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, it is a great love, followed by a lingering grief that cause a significant change in the character of Gilgamesh. Before the coming of Enkidu, Gilgamesh was a man of pure power. A being of which there was no equal match, Gilgamesh boasted upon his overwhelming glory and power. This arrogance was accompanied with an extensive abuse of power, which led the city of Uruk into a state of injustice and rage. "His arrogance has no bounds by day or night" (Sanders 62). Still, Gilgamesh felt no despair; he lived to display to others his majestic power. The first sign of a sincere change in Gilgamesh arises as a result of the birth of Enkidu. From the beginning, a powerful link developed between Gilgamesh a nd Enkidu. The bond was as powerful as that between man and woman. The wise Ninsun said to Gilgamesh, "You will love him as a woman and he will never forsake you" (66). Gilgamesh had finally met his match, a friend that would serve as his life-long companion. Upon the seal of this great friendship, Gilgamesh began to change his selfish ways. He shared with Enkidu the luxuries of kingship. Shamash, speaking to Enkidu, said, "He (Gilgamesh) has made the princes of the earth kiss your feet, and now all the people of Uruk lament and wail over you"(91). Setting aside his great pride and power, Gilgamesh had opened a place in his heart, and in his sumptuous life, for his beloved brother. The second significant change in Gilgamesh was caused by the loss of his brotherly companion, Enkidu. Gilgamesh couldn't bear the loss of a love so powerful. Despite his astonishing power and leadership, something in his life was missing. He wept for sev ...

Shaping the American Dream, defining success from the first World war Essay

Shaping the American Dream, defining success from the first World war to present - Essay Example American culture after World War II equated good citizenship with good consumerism. People have been encouraged to consume more and better. Leisure activities are an example of this; before the 20th century, most of the leisure time of an average American was spent in the family, church, and activities related to community. In the early half of the 20th century, leisure activities such as playing with recreational products or watching movies mostly replaced the social activities on the basis of consumption (Spring 96). Cold War played an important role in tying American Dream to consumerism. Although the democracy in America had a strong contrast with the Soviet totalitarianism, yet the politicians in America promoted mass consumption as a way of differentiating between Americans and the Soviets. William H. Whyte, Fortune editor stated in 1957, â€Å"Thrift is now un-American† (Cohen 121). In 1959, American Exhibition was organization in Moscow whose economic highlight was demonstration of America’s consumer goods to the Soviet leaders. President Richard Nixon said at the exhibition, â€Å"To us, diversity, the right to choose†¦is the most important thing. †¦We have many †¦ many different kinds of washing machines so that the housewives have a choice† (Nixon cited in Spring 137). Here, Nixon drew audiences’ attention toward the variety of ways of consumption for the Americans to explain diversity rather than giving examples of political or social signific ance. The relationship between good consumerism, good citizenship, and the American Dream has lived up to date. Americans united under the leadership of President Bush after the 9/11 attacks, and a brief charitable outpouring followed. Despite having a great opportunity to foster non-consumerist behavior in the Americans, Bush simply reminded Americans of the importance of consumerism in the development of a strong economy in the post-9/11 attacks speeches. Bush said that the best action

Research paper summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary - Research Paper Example This is largely due to the fact that adults and experts alike have dominated the portrayal of this message labeling teenagers and their behavior as either good or bad without paying any attention to their point of view. With growing technology and increasing economy, internet usage is becoming an integral and common part of any society with both adults and teenagers going online. Two surveys conducted in 1997and 2001 by the U.S. and Canada respectively, concluded that adults actually spend more time on the internet than teenagers. This was confirmed by China Internet Network Information Center who conducted their own survey and revealed that 66.3% of internet users were between the ages of 20-35 where as teenagers only made up 17.2% (Zhiyong 2007). However society feels that it is easier to blame the teenagers and their internet addiction for the prevailing problems of drugs, sex etc. Instead of hearing their voices and acknowledging that the problem of addiction exists in both adults and teenagers, experts mold the public opinion against the youth often leading to their low self esteem and confidence. Dick Hebdige summed this up very nicely when he stated "In our society, youth is present only whe n its presence is a problem, or is regarded as a problem† (Zhiyong 2007). It is easy to label the teenagers as bad and ignore why they get hooked on the internet in the first place. Internet offers adolescents an escape from their every day stressful lives and allows them to interact freely with others, play games, and read information online complete with privacy and increased comfort. This freedom from pressure and even parents for a little while is misunderstood as being lazy and displaying improper behavior by the adults. This often leads adults to feel that the teenagers are undermining their authority. For, internet isn’t something reserved